内容摘要:
关键词:
作者简介:
Effects of Uncertainty and Emotion on Justice Judgment
作者简介:方学梅,华东理工大学 社会与公共管理学院,上海,200237;陈松,上海海洋大学 人文学院,上海,201306 陈松,E-mail:chengfang22@163.com。
内容提要:本研究以不确定管理模型为理论来源,采用实验法探讨了公正判断中的情绪效应。实验1采用2(两种情绪状态:愉快/愤怒)×4(四种结果:比自己多/一样多/比自己少/不知道)被试间设计。实验2采用2(两种情绪状态:愉快/愤怒)×3(三种程序:有发言权/外显无发言权/无发言权信息)被试间设计。分别考察了分配公正与程序公正判断中的情绪影响。结果发现:不确定性调节了情绪与公平判断之间的关系。当用于公平判断的外部信息不明确时,情绪充当了公平判断的线索。
There are two paradigms about the research of justice judgment.One is the relational-cognitive model,in which justice judgment is thought to be caused by moral reasoning.It emphasizes the careful evaluation and weighing of relevant information before a justice judgment or a judgment about what is right or wrong is formed.The other is the subjective-emotional model,which emphasizes the importance of emotional influence.It proposes that people's intuition strongly influences their justice judgments about what is right or wrong,and the reasoning pertaining to justice and morality is usually a post-hoc construction,generated after justice judgments have been reached on the basis of people's intuitional feelings (Haidt,2001 ; Van den Bos,2007).But there are few empirical studies to resolve the dispute between rationalist and intuitionist models.Based on the research of emotion and cognition and uncertainty management theory,this study focused on the issue of how people form justice judgments and under what conditions emotion as information may play a valuable role with 2 experiments.Experiment 1 explored the effect of emotion on the judgment of outcome justice.200 students from two universities participated in the experiment and were randomly assigned to one of the conditions of the 2 (emotional state:pleasant vs angry)×4 (outcome of other participants:unknown vs.equal vs.worse vs.better) factorial design.The design was balanced with an equal number of participants taking part
关键词:公正判断/不确定性/情绪/分配公正/程序公正/justice judgment/uncertainty/emotion/distributive justice/procedural justice
标题注释:
本研究得到国家社会科学基金(07BSH053)、教育部人文社科青年基金项目(12YJC190006)和上海市重点学科建设项目(B501)。
1 问题提出
关于公正判断存在两种研究范式:一种研究范式认为公正判断是一种理性的认知过程,是道德推理的结果;另一种研究范式则强调公正判断中主观的情绪因素。然而用来解决这一理性主义与直觉主义争论的实证研究非常少。Haidt(2001)提出一个道德的社会直觉主义模型替代理性主义模型,但并没有提供相关的数据来证实。Van den Bos & Lind(2002)也指出,先前的公正模型倾向于强调公正判断过程中的认知因素,很少有研究关注情绪在公正判断中的潜在作用。因此本研究的目的就是探讨情绪对公正判断的影响。有关情绪与认知的研究以及不确定管理模型(Uncertainty Management)为本研究提供了理论来源。
不确定性管理理论主要来源于不确定条件下人类的决策与判断(Kahneman,Slovic & Tversky,1982)以及公平启发式理论(Van den Bos,2001)。该理论认为在公平判断过程中,人们首先寻找与特定情境最相关的公平信息,但是在很多情况下,人们缺乏这些公平信息。因此该模型假定在信息不确定情境下,人们开始使用其他的信息作为启发式替代物来评估什么是公正的。这样不确定管理模型就指出信息确定与否是探讨情绪对公平判断影响的重要的调节变量。Van den Bos,K.,Lind,E.A.,Vermunt,R.,& Wilke,H.A.M.(1997)通过研究发现公正判断中存在公正替代过程(justice substitutability process),即在信息不确定条件下,人们使用一种公平信息替换另一种信息从而判断某一事件是否公正的过程。







